Background information from those who screened negative or were excluded for other reasons e. The total referral sample was This includes men who screened positive on the Brief Symptoms Inventory BSI or Alcohol Dependency Scale ADS minus those ineligible as a result of refusing to participate in the study, assaulting someone other than a female partner, being previously admitted to the study, being under age less than 18 years old , or receiving an invalid score on the BSI.
The progression of inclusion and exclusion i. Of the total men screened at program intake, or 13 percent were deleted because of refusal to participate, abusing someone other than a female partner, and receiving an invalid score on the BSI. Another 73 or 14 percent of these men were deleted for similar reasons: refusing to continue in the study, the court incident being abuse of someone other than a female partner, having returned to court and being previously admitted into the study, being underage, not being properly notified about referral according to program records, or undetermined reasons.
These deletions left a total of men who screened positive for referral and were eligible for the study. An additional 37 men were mandated by a judge for mental health evaluation and treatment regardless of not receiving a positive BSI score for a final referral sample of , and men who were not referred. The final total sample including men who screened negative at intake was men.
All men court-ordered to attend 16 weeks of required batterer counseling at the Domestic Abuse Counseling Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, between and The data file includes 4, variables. Over string variables corresponding to answers to open-ended questions from the questionnaires have been masked by ICPSR to preserve confidentiality. These data come from a total of eight questionnaires including the four women's questionnaires which may have been administered to two women for a single case if an additional partner was identified for the man , scores on the Brief Symptoms Inventory and the Alcohol Dependency Scale, program attendance records, clinical records, and arrest records.
There are also many recoded variables, derived from the originally collected data to facilitate analyses.
Variables from the questionnaires include questions about the man's demographics, employment, relationship status, past assault, alcohol and drug use, prior social service and criminal justice contact, and the woman's previous help-seeking.
The follow-up interviews also included variables about the man's and woman's employment status, the man's alcohol and drug use, partner contact, the man's additional social service contact, and the woman's additional help-seeking. Drinking and drug use were assessed using men's and women's reports about the kind of substance, frequency of use, and frequency of "drunkenness" or "getting high.
Variables from the follow-up surveys of the women include questions about the woman's relationship status, abusive behavior and circumstances, and help-seeking and additional intervention. Variables about abuse include an inventory using the categories of the Conflict Tactics Scale, the nature of battering injuries and medical assistance received for those injuries, and the woman's response to the abuse, threats identified using a series of items drawn from scales for nonphysical abuse, and the woman's subjective appraisal of her own safety and well-being.
At program intake, 87 percent of men were eligible for and agreed to participate in the study. For the "referral sample" the response rate for the 5-month debriefing interviews was 53 percent of For the female partners the response rate for the full months was 65 percent; 79 percent of the women completed at least 1 interview during the follow-up.
ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:. The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public.
One or more files in this data collection have special restrictions. Restricted data files are not available for direct download from the website; click on the Restricted Data button to learn more. Please enable JavaScript in your browser. JavasScript is required to use the core functionality of this site including searching, downloading data, and depositing data. Analyze Online. Project Description. Summary View help for Summary The study was conducted to investigate the extent of mental health screening, referral compliance, and treatment effectiveness of men enrolled in batterer counseling programs.
United States Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. United States Pennsylvania Pittsburgh. Scope of Project. Time Period s View help for Time Period s -- Study Purpose View help for Study Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent of mental health screening, referral compliance, and treatment effectiveness.
Sample View help for Sample The overall sample for this study consists of two subsamples, the men who screened negative for mental health problems at initial intake, and the men referred to as the "referral sample".
Questionnaires of men referred to a batterer counselling program in Pittsburgh Clinical records Arrest records Telephone interviews of female partners of the men referred to the batterer counselling program. Version s. Original Release Date View help for Original Release Date Version History View help for Version History The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented.
The previous citation was: Gondolf, Edward W. Standardized missing values. Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes. In Pittsburgh, conventional batterer counseling uses a cognitive—behavioral approach and includes topics and discussions that concentrate on the specific behavior of concern i. Topics regarding domestic violence are presented, followed by exercises, role-plays, or demonstrations.
The conventional counseling curriculum concentrates on attitudes and behaviors that theoretically represent commonalities of woman battering and underlie the violent behavior of men regardless of race and ethnicity. In addition to basic skills and reasons for stopping violent behavior, culturally focused counseling sessions consist of several components to accommodate the cultural issues of African American men.
The culturally focused batterer counseling sessions were led by a trained group leader from the Pittsburgh area—in other words, someone from home with whom the men could identify. A set curriculum progressively leads men to and through cultural issues.
If culturally relevant topics do come up during the course of group discussions or individual comments, the topics are elaborated or explored rather than curtailed as tangents or evasion. The culturally focused counseling sessions attempt to draw on positive aspects of African American culture, such as the sense of brotherhood, communal spirit, intuitive insight, spirituality, and ritual.
Sessions also include instruction in the fundamental points of antiviolence education at the core of the conventional batterer counseling. The consequences of violence and avoidance techniques are introduced in the orientation session, and later reviewed and reinforced at the beginning of group sessions.
Specific beliefs supporting violent behavior such as men always needing to be in charge or right are addressed through the curriculum of cultural topics. Additional Information: Negative Program Effects An outcome evaluation described below in Evaluation Outcomes and Evaluation Methodology compared study participants who were randomly assigned to one of three counseling options: culturally focused counseling in all African American groups; conventional counseling in all African American groups; or conventional counseling in racially mixed groups.
Study 1 Overall, Gondolf found that the Culturally Focused Batterer Counseling program in Pittsburgh, PA, had no significant impact on program completion or self-reported reassault rates.
However, the outcomes did show that men who participated in the culturally focused counseling option were twice as likely as men who participated in the racially mixed counseling option to be rearrested for domestic violence. Program Dropout Culturally Focused Batterer Counseling did not significantly contribute to program completion. Fifty-four percent of men in the Culturally Focused Batterer Counseling group completed the minimum requirements of 16 weeks of counseling, compared with 55 percent of men in the conventional counseling in all African American groups, and 53 percent of men in the conventional counseling in racially mixed groups.
The differences did not reach statistical significance. At the month follow-up, the men in the culturally focused counseling and racially mixed group had similar reassault rates 21 percent and 20 percent, respectively while the men in the conventional all African American counseling group had a higher rate 28 percent. But again, the differences were not statistically significant.
Rearrests Men in the culturally focused counseling group were significantly more like to be rearrested for domestic violence than the men in the conventional all African American counseling and racially mixed counseling groups. In fact, men who participated in the culturally focused counseling option were twice as likely to be rearrested for domestic violence as the men who participated in the racially mixed counseling option 15 percent versus 7 percent, respectively.
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